# Day 60 — YouTube 自动生成字幕（AUTO_GENERATED）

覆盖训练段 000–18 分钟。已去滚动字幕重叠。ASR 生成可能含识别错误。

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thank you very much and welcome to this session we're talking about the India story for the next decade or should we call it decade as nascom calls it uh you know in the last few months every time I listen to any Global CEO or Global business leader business leader gopinath which one thing that excites all of them is India's digital public infrastructure India stack digital public course you know call it what you will but we're really seeing so much of excitement around this and people believe

that you know this is something unique that India has built technology rails that India has built has built in various years and you know how this could have a game-changing impact and we've already seen this in some sense I mean jio wouldn't have been jio without an ekyc similar for zeroda and you know any other businesses have benefited from these rings but if you can give us your perspective on India's story for the next decade from a technology lens how is digital public infrastructure going to

drive it uh you know how do you envision this going forward okay so let me let me begin and and you took a lot of uh names of the global leaders I would have and then he wrote about digital Nation some time back and that was pre-pandemic so so I think there's a lot of awareness and excitement about the opportunity of what digital can do to really accelerate India's progress on the in the Grassroots I think we've seen how billion scale platforms have come out of

India UPI aadhar Owen are great examples of how inadversity India really pulled out a lot of acceleration and these are now not just a proof of concept they're proof of scale proof of scale these are opportunities and capabilities that many countries would really love to have because they have put India on a different growth trajectory for anybody who's traveling globally amongst any of us you you feel the lack of UPI when you are transacting in any other part of the world and it just becomes so

much part of our day-to-day work and I think more than that I would also speak about the foundations on which these platforms are built so that is very strong awareness about and about data about the the Privacy security trust principles that a lot of these platforms should have so I truly believe that digital public goods are a huge acceleration point and we've just got the story started you look at all the businesses that are getting built on them and I really call it make make big

so you make in India you've already done that with these platforms you're making new IP based on these platforms and now you can take this IP globally and make for the world which companies like TCS are doing a great job of so so I would really say that there is a very strong momentum that we have in the country with digital public groups thank you thank you so I think that's a great question in addition to all the points that I have just made have just

made two other important points that I would like typically like typically countries or endowed with some natural advantages and they will have some natural food the best thing for any country to do is to leverage things and deliver it to Natural advantage and ideally and ideally also mitigate against Natural disadvantages as a country that one has got and we can cite many examples in the interest of time from India point of view view it is not a very well endowed country in terms of Natural Resources

but in terms of Manpower they're very abundant and so that skill technology Manpower is very abundant in India so technology is a natural Ally for us and it's also a great natural Advantage for India that technology is today the solution for most of the problems or even planners point of time so to act on technology as a country is a very natural thing for India to do and as the technology industry here technology industry here we couldn't be more delighted that this is how things are

coming secondly the natural disadvantage of India is the vast number of people who and it is not very Equitable in terms of access to many of these resources right so how do we we take advantage of this technology which is the natural Advantage for India and it's going to go a long way further but also design whenever whenever we are scaling it we design it in a way that it also helps the less Equitable half uh also benefit from it rather than let a network effect

which typically comes with a winner take all kind of outcome that would be a disaster for any country if not a disaster at least could be a great opportunity linked to waste so the best thing about digital infrastructure is that when you take it in terms of the payment system ability to reach the last man and woman in the country or Healthcare or any other damage that you take it has the ability to equitably reach every India reach every India regardless of their status and so

on and level of access and so on that the Indian government has that vision and it's building everything towards Equitable and fair access to everybody is the biggest highlight which I think is one of the reasons why it is like in fact you know since you said Equitable I think ondc is an approach to doing that in terms of making uh more accessible for sellers small sellers to even sell their products online but another to your point on make make that's a very interesting analogy and

um you know when I think of the make make framework UPI fits right into that made in India then you have platforms or apps that have come on top of that which are hugely successful and they came up just in the last five years Google pay in fact I think Google's cited this example to the US you know this is something that they should be doing and UPI is now going global they tied up with Singapore as well last week but in terms of the end

impact you know Krishna spoke about how we should use this to our advantage you know to build a more Equitable inclusive Society do you think this could set off a virtuous cycle where you have more private Enterprises building on top of this digital public infrastructure better competition better Services Bringing Down the cost of transactions for people in the country if you can tell you know paint a picture for us on what's the end impact is going to be on the ground we talk about Equitable we

talk about inclusion but how is it going to play out so I will maybe quote an example that I just heard and a quote that I just heard from Sri carnavis just about half an hour back on the main stage and he spoke about the vision for having a hundred thousand Street vendors and having capability to receive payments and and he said that's happened in Maharashtra itself in Mumbai itself so so to me I think the QR code is ubiquitous yeah so to me that is

that's the best place to start because then you said Enterprises and generally when you say Enterprises people think about like companies is using that QR code and I think that's where the velocity of money is taking a totally different uh different shape today two out of five transactions in India are digital it's an estimated that within five years it will be two out of three transactions in India being digital and that will lead to a 10 trillion dollar economy on on moving on contest so in

terms of transactions so so that is a very very significant scale that you have and when you have velocity of money increasing in any economy that rise growth that's from a pure macroeconomic point of view so I truly believe that digital payments is at a core of how the Indian growth engine will continue you refer to ondc there are many other aspects as to how Commerce will get integrated into this this process and how both goods and services will come into play as we go forward

so I truly believe it's a massive accelerator for the Indian economy right he spoke about you know how the velocity on the user side right on the consumer side how this is not just about big Enterprises but your street side vendor who's using a QR code today and you can buy everything from tender coconut water to over above but you know all the Enterprise side again are you seeing Indian companies smaller Indian tech companies using leveraging this digital public infra to build on top of it

or are we again going to feel concentrated between the big Tech forms because if you look at payments today Walmart owns phone pay Google dominates and then the third players possibly met a distance a distant third so our global company is again building this Federal Indian companies why are Indian companies not able to leverage their dreams dreams so I think it is still fairly early days I wouldn't say that the Family Medical Center so like I said this concept of QR code and you make me

test your food and even the street vendors utilizing the is a fairly early days and the Very fact of uh list of public infrastructure is that you open source it to make it open and not be dependent on and if you uh companies from getting concentrated and getting the network effects effects that's a whole fundamental principle whether you take ondc or the UPI the fundamental underlying principle is that right right yeah so that's a fantastic win in my opinion so the point is when this is

on the one hand will make sure that even the mom and pop shops will not lose out or at least we'll have an opportunity to compete effectively against the big ones at the same time it will also give a lot of opportunity for the smaller logistics companies who may or may not want to play ball with the bigger Winters do participate in parts of an ecosystem rather than have to think only about somebody who will control the entire ecosystem and having to play as a secondary

player of the overall because overall because the ability for each company to play in their specialized segment and be able to offer specialized products services that will be completely controlled by them while in the process serving a whole value chain which is not controlled by any single entity I think that's the genius genius right is this also about you know empowering people on how they use their own data uh the way the account navigator system for example has been designed or the way the G Locker

has been designed where you know you are given loans based on your own record of three months they are trying to reduce so our digital public goods also geared towards empowering people to use their own data to get those financial services that they would have otherwise had a hard time accessing no absolutely I think that's the difference between even the way regulation is thinking about privacy and Security in India let's say compared with gdpr which was amongst the first set of regulations that came through in

the world I think the real thinking around consent for data is really at the at The Cutting Edge in India in terms of how everybody should be empowered and to think about their data as to the consent privacy the trust the security around it coming back a little bit to to your point earlier and and I would say the Indian ranking system is a huge enabler and in terms of everything that is happening on digital claimants in the front end you might see some some companies

but at the end of the day those transactions are getting squared by Indian banks in the State Bank of India and many of the Indian banks are actually really squaring that that transaction now as you even look at the digital currency coming into play and the Indian government has already announced the plans around it I think it's it's again going to be very significantly powered by Indian Banks both the public sector and the private sector Banks so I truly believe as Christian said this is early

days many parts of the ecosystem are coming together the good news as he said is no single company actually has an end-to-end ownership of the pipe there are multiple companies coming together which is a great way to think about the future and it's it's a very much disaggregated but very seamless when it works together right since you mentioned uh uh share your thoughts on Cloud people are wondering why do we need this when you already have UTI but I think the RBI has initiated a wholesale

as well as a retail pilot your thoughts on how this could be your character I won't be able to Crystal gays on that one because the entire world is looking for an answer for for digital currency and I think I I think about this as innovation you know in innovation if you had 100 Clarity on what will succeed and what will not succeed then you would then it will be very simple and a lot of people would be able to do it but I think the

the opportunity to try many different things in different parts of the ecosystem and let them play out is something that India has done very well because Frankly Speaking you might have even argued why do you leave UPI there is a very strong payment mechanism that exists but it came in and it changed the way in India worked so I'm looking forward to use cases that will come through and I truly believe in the entrepreneurship in the country they'll find use cases find use cases is a

company that's managed to crack the code when it comes to the India technology market and every day we see these tweets going viral about uh user experience for instance at the passports whatever it's getting a passport getting a ready mood passport in your 20 24 hours 48 hours you've been able to do this at scale what opportunities do you see from you know the digital public infra ecosystem what rule can companies such as Ross theater anything that excites you I'm obviously an awesome proud of being

a tcso okay and I'd love to speak about TCS a lot but today here on the stage I'm here as a chairman of mass com so I'll not talk specifically about places but more broadly broadly so the India is a market I would say it's also a very powerful force uh in addition to uh the vision behind the digital public infrastructure and so on it is also a very big Market which is why internationally how we can leverage uh infrastructure such as the digital public goods

to be able to reach the Lost India with our products and services one key thing that's on all of our minds right so from that point of view is why India is such a great Market which is why companies like PCS we have been able to imagine how best can we serve the India from a customer experience point of view right the passport several camera that you earlier did too in terms of experience for the customer who is a common man and woman it is an

order of magnitude different compared to what it was before the passport civil cameras came on board similarly if you take the counter aggregate framework that we earlier talked about talked about there again one element is the advantages advantages also Supreme customer experience right because today because today if you go and ask for a loan as an individual or as an Enterprise the owners of delivering the kyc go get a notarized copy of this get a certificate and certificate so many things are that onus is only

foreign which is not how it should be the customer should be retained and everything else should come to them companies that can companies that can conceptualize the business model in which the superior customer experience creating a customer as a king and getting their products and services to them to the least amount of operation for the customer will be a huge thing for India because especially the common people in the lower aspect of society they are simply not used to being treated well even if they're a

customer right if they can deliver that experience in terms of the market potential for so many goods and services it's just phenomenal which is why I think it's India's Market is a very powerful person yeah you get your vaccination certificate in five seconds which is incredible and then would you like to add this on the opportunity for Enterprises no absolutely I mean I think I I am seeing across sectors and and it's not just in the fintech or the financial services you look at consumer companies

you look at manufacturing companies you look at even the government services in in many parts are changing the interface in terms of how they they interact with with many of these Services I think you know for many of us who travel a lot the recent Innovation even on Digi I think is a very good example of how user experience is being thought through I mean yes there is a scope for improvement a lot can be done better but

# Day 60 — 火山引擎 录音文件识别（volc.seedasr.auc）

豆包大模型 ASR，异步接口。可能含识别错误，仅供听力对照。

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Thank you very much, and welcome to this session.

We're talking about the India story for the next decade, or should we call it decade, as Nasscom calls it.

You know, in the last few months, every time I listen to any global CEO or global business leader, be it Agita Gopinath or Sundar Pichai, one thing that excites all of them is India's digital public infrastructure, India's tag digital public goods. You know, call it what you will, but.

We're really seeing so much of excitement around this and people believe that, you know, this is something unique that India has built, technology, rails that India has built, uh, uh, in various spheres.

And you know, how this could have a game changing impact.

And we've already seen this in some sense.

I mean, Geo wouldn't have been Geo without an Adar e k y C.

Similar for Ziroda.

And you know, many other businesses have benefited from these rails, but if you can give us your perspective on India's story for the next decade from a technology lens, how is digital public infrastructure going to drive it?

Uh, you know, how do you envision this going forward?

Okay, so let me, let me begin.

And, and you took a lot of, uh, names of the, the global leaders I would ask and, and Chandra from Tata Sons, he wrote about Digital Nation sometime back and that was pre pandemic.

So, so I think there's a lot of awareness and excitement about the opportunity of what digital can do to really accelerate India's progress on the in the grassroots.

I think we've seen how billion scale platforms have come out of India.

UPI Agar Owen are great examples of how in adversity, India really pulled out a lot of acceleration.

And these are now not just proof of concept, they're proof of scale.

These are opportunities and capabilities that many countries would really love to have because they have put India on a different growth trajectory.

For anybody who's traveling globally amongst any of us, you, you feel the lack of UPI when you are transacting in any other part of the world.

It's just become so much part of our day to day work.

And I think more than that, I would also speak about the foundations on which these platforms are built.

So there is very strong awareness about, about data, about the Privacy, Security, Trust principles that a lot of these platforms should have.

So I truly believe that the digital public goods are a huge acceleration point, and we've just got the story started.

You look at all the businesses that are getting built on them, and I really call it make, make, make.

So you make in India, you've already done that with these platforms.

You're making new IP based on these platforms and now you can take this IP globally and, and make for the world which companies like TCS are doing a great job of.

So, so I would really say that there is a very strong momentum that we have in the country with digital public goods.

I'll hand it over to Christian if you'd like to add.

Thank you, Anna.

I think that's a great question.

In addition to all the points that Anna just made, two other important points that I would like.

Typically, countries are endowed with some natural advantages and they'll have some natural problems.

The best thing for any country to do is to leverage things that deliberate a natural advantage and ideally, uh, also mitigate against the natural, uh, disadvantages as a country, uh, that one has got.

And we can cite many examples in the interest of time.

From India point of view, uh, it is not a very well endowed country in terms of natural resources.

But in terms of manpower, they're very abundant.

And so that skilled technology manpower is very abundant in India.

So technology is a natural ally for us and it's also a great natural advantage for India that technology is today the solution for most of the problems, whether you look at it from a country's point of view or a business point of view or even a planet's point of view. So to bet on technology as.

A country.

This is a very natural thing for India to do.

And as the technology industry here, we couldn't be more delighted that this is how things are going.

That is point number one.

Secondly, the natural disadvantage of India is the vast number of people who and it is not very equitable in terms of access to many of these resources, right?

So how do we take advantage of this technology, which is the natural advantage for India and it's going to go a long way further, but also design whenever, whenever we're scaling it, we design it in a way that it also helps the less equitable half also benefit from it rather than let a network effect.

Which typically comes with a winner take all kind of outcome that would be a disaster for any country, if not a disaster, at least it would be a great opportunity laid to waste.

So the best thing about digital infrastructure is that whether you take it in terms of the payment system, the ability to reach the last man and woman in the country or healthcare or any other dimension that you take.

It has the ability to equitably reach every Indian regardless of their status and so on, level of access and so on, that the Indian government has that vision and it's building everything towards equitable and fair access to everybody is the biggest highlight.

Which I think is one of the reasons why it is attracting attention.

Right.

In fact, you know, since you said equitable, I think one DC is an approach to doing that in terms of making more accessible for sellers, small sellers to sell their products online.

But Anand, to your point on make, make, make, that's a very interesting analogy.

And, you know, when I think of the make, make, make framework, UPI fits right into that made in India.

Then you have platforms or apps that have come on top of that, which are hugely successful and they came up just in the last five years.

If you look at a phone pay or a Google Pay.

And Google Pay, in fact, I think Google cited this example to the US.

This is something that they should be doing.

And UPI is now going global.

They tied up with Singapore as well last week.

But in terms of the end impact, you know, Christian spoke about how we should use this to our advantage, you know, to build a more equitable, inclusive society.

Do you think this could set off a virtuous cycle where you have more private enterprises building on top of this digital public infrastructure, better competition, better services, bringing down the cost of transactions for people in the country.

Uh, if you can tell, you know, paint a picture for us on what the end impact is going to be on the ground.

We talk about equitable, we talk about inclusion, but how is it going to play out?

So, uh, I will maybe quote an example that I just heard, uh, and a quote that I just heard from Shri Parnavis, uh, just about half an hour back on the main stage.

And he spoke about the vision for having 100,000 street vendors having capability to receive payments and, and he said that's happened in Maharashtra itself, in Mumbai itself.

And so, so to me, I think the QR code is almost ubiquitous.

Yeah.

So to me that it's, that's the best place to start because then you said enterprises and generally when you say enterprises, people think about big companies.

But if a street vendor on on a pushcart is using that QR code, I think that's where the velocity of money is taking a totally different, different shape today.

Two out of five transactions in India are digital.

It's estimated that within five years, it will be two out of three transactions in India being digital, and that will lead to a 10 trillion dollar economy on, on moving on, on digital.

So in terms of transactions.

So, so that is a very, very significant scale that you have.

And when you have velocity of money increasing in any economy, that drives growth.

That's from a pure macroeconomic point of view.

So I truly believe that digital payments is at a core of how the Indian growth engine will continue.

You refer to ONDC, there are many other aspects as to how commerce will get integrated into this, this process and how both goods and services will come into play as we go forward.

So I truly believe it's a massive accelerator for the Indian economy.

Right.

He spoke about, you know, how the velocity on the user side, right, on the consumer side, how this is not just about big enterprises but your street side vendor who's using a QR code today and you can buy everything from tender coconut water to your baraf ka paan.

But you know, on the enterprise side, again, are you seeing Indian companies, smaller Indian tech companies using, leveraging this digital public infra to build on top of it or are we again going to see it concentrated between the big tech firms?

Because if you look at payments today, Walmart owns phone pay, Google dominates.

And then the third players, possibly meta, a distance, a distant third.

So are global companies again building this better than Indian companies?

Why are Indian companies not able to leverage their own brands?

So I think it is still fairly early days.

I wouldn't say that the final verdict on it is written in it.

So it's like I said, this concept of QR code and ubiquitous QR code and even the street vendors utilizing that, it's still fairly in early days and the very fact of digital public infrastructure is that you open source it and make it open and not be dependent on any few companies from getting concentrated.

And getting the network effect, that's the whole fundamental principle, whether you take when DC or the UPA, the fundamental underlying principle is that, yeah, so that's a fantastic win in my opinion.

So the point is when DC, on the one hand will make sure that even the mom and pop shops will not lose out or at least will have an opportunity to compete effectively against the big ones.

At the same time, it will also give a lot of opportunity for the smaller logistics companies who may or may not want to play ball with the bigger vendors to participate in parts of the ecosystem rather than having to think only about somebody who will control the entire ecosystem.

And having to play as a secondary player in the overall ecosystem, the ability for each company to play in their specialized segment and be able to offer specialized products or services that will be completely controlled by them, while in the process serving a whole value chain, which is not controlled by any single entity. I think.

That's the genius behind this whole idea.

Right.

And is this also about, you know, empowering people on how they use their own data, the way the account aggregator system, for example, has been designed or the way Digilocker has been designed where, you know, you are given loans based on your own record of payments. They are trying to reduce red tape. So.

Our digital public goods also geared towards empowering people to use their own data to get those financial services that they would have otherwise had a hard time accessing.

No, absolutely.

I think that's the difference between even the way regulation is thinking about privacy and security in India, let's say, compared with GDPR, which was amongst the first set of regulations that came through in the world.

I think the real thinking around consent for data is really at the at the cutting edge in India in terms of how everybody should be empowered to think about their data as to the consent, privacy, the trust, the security around it.

Coming back a little bit to, to your point earlier.

And I would say the Indian banking system is a huge enabler in terms of everything that is happening on digital payments.

In the front end, you might see some, some companies, but at the end of the day, those transactions are getting squared by Indian banks in the State Bank of India and many of the Indian banks are actually really squaring that that transaction.

Now as you even look at the digital currency coming into play and the Indian government has already announced the plans around it.

I think it's, it's again going to be very significantly powered by Indian banks, both the public sector and the private sector banks.

So I truly believe, as Christian said, this is early days.

Many parts of the ecosystem are coming together.

The good news, as he said, is no single company actually has an end to end ownership of the pipe.

There are multiple companies coming together, which is a great way to think about the future.

It's, it's a very much disaggregated but very seamless when it works together.

Right.

Since you mentioned the e, rupay, you know, if you can share your thoughts on how that's going to be a game changer because the jury is still out.

People are wondering why do we need this when you already have UPI.

But I think the RBI has initiated a wholesale as well as a retail pilot.

Your thoughts on how this could be a gift?

I won't be able to crystal gaze on that one because the entire world is looking for an answer for digital currency, I think.

I think about this as innovation, you know, in innovation, if you had hundred percent clarity on what will succeed and what will not succeed, then you would, then it would be very simple and a lot of people would be able to do it.

But I think the, the opportunity to try many different things in different parts of the ecosystem and let them play out is something that India has done very well because frankly speaking, you might have even argued.

Why do you need UPI?

There is a very strong payment mechanism that exists, but it came in and it changed the way in India work.

So I'm looking forward to use cases that will come through and I truly believe in the entrepreneurship in the country, they'll find use cases.

TCS is a company that's managed to crack the code when it comes to the India technology market.

And every day we see these tweets going viral about user experience, for instance, at the Passport.

Seva Kendra, getting a passport, getting a renewed passport, 24 hours, 48 hours, you've been able to do this at scale.

What opportunities do you see from, you know, the digital public infra ecosystem?

What role can companies such as yours play?

Anything that excites you?

I'm obviously awesome.

Proud of being a TCS, sir.

Okay.

Uh, and I'd love to speak about TCS, uh, a lot, but today here on the stage, I'm here as a chairman of Mascom so I'll not talk specifically about TCS, but more broadly.

Uh, so the India as a market, I would say it's also very powerful force, uh, in addition to, uh, the vision behind the digital public infrastructure and so on.

It is also a very big market, which is why internationally how we can leverage infrastructure such as the digital public goods to be able to reach the lost Indian with our products and services.

One key thing that's on all of our minds, right?

So from that point of view is why India is such a great market, which is why companies like TCS, we have been able to imagine, uh, how best can we serve the Indian from a customer experience point of view, right?

The Passport, Seva, Kendra, that you alluded to in terms of experience for the customer who is a common man and woman, it is an order of magnitude different compared to what it was before the Passport.

Seva Kendras came on board.

Similarly, if you take the account aggregated framework we earlier talked about, there again, one, uh, element is the advantages that aren't talked about.

The other is also supreme customer experience, right?

Because today, if you go and ask for a loan as an individual or as an enterprise, the owner of delivering the KYC, go get a notarized copy of this.

Get a this certificate, that certificate.

So many things are there.

The owner is on the customer.

Actually, customer has to do all of that to have the honor and privilege of giving the vendor the privilege of their business, which is not how it should be.

The customer should be the king and everything else should come to them.

Companies that can conceptualize a business model in which this superior customer experience, treating the customer as a king and getting their products and services to them to the least amount of moderation for the customer will be a huge thing for India because especially the common people in the lower strata of society.

They are simply not used to being treated well, even if they are a customer.

If you can deliver that experience in terms of the market potential for so many goods and services, it's just phenomenal.

That's why I think it's a India as a market is a very powerful force.

Yeah, you mentioned Pascoe because I think Covid is also a brilliant example of that.

You get your vaccination certificate in 5 seconds which is incredible.

And then would you like to add this on the opportunity for enterprises?

No, absolutely.

And I think I, I am seeing across sectors and, and it's not just in the fintech or the financial services.

You look at consumer companies, you look at manufacturing companies, you look at even the government services in in many parts are changing the interface in terms of how they, they interact with, with many of these services.

I think for many of us who travel a lot, the recent innovation even on digital, I think it's a very good example of how user experience is being thought through.

Yes, there is scope for improvement. A lot can be.